RECONSTRUCTION OF SERBIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE 20th CENTURY
This paper discusses the reconstruction of the Serbian national identity which was undertaken by organized social action in the process of political socialization, especially in the systemic changes in the cultural and educational policy during the twentieth century. The starting point of the author’s reasoning is the hypothesis that, in essence, such reconstruction has become a tool for creating or restoring the country. In the last century, three major reconstructions of the Serbian national identity were carried out. The first happened at the time of the creation of Yugoslavia and its consolidation, when there was a fusion of Serbian identity into the Yugoslav identity through the ideology of Yugoslavism. The second happened, during World War II, when the government in Yugoslavia was overtaken by the Communists and who established a new concept of national policy expressed with the slogan “brotherhood and unity”. The third reconstruction was carried out in the process of the break-up of Yugoslavia, with the abandonment of Yugoslav identity and return to Serbian identity. These reconstructions have brought to the fore the political divisions among the Serbian people, as well as the conflicts with other nations in Yugoslavia, which were conditioned by different ideologies, national interests and national objectives as well as by a variety of influences from the outside, mainly of the great powers.
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