2408-932XResearch Result. Social Studies and Humanities2408-932X10.18413/2408-932X-2022-8-4-0-132930MISCCELLANEOUS: MESSAGES, DISCUSSIONS, REVIEWS<strong>Social Ties: Spiritual Kinship and the Phenomenon of Trust in the Sociological Studies of Guido Alfani</strong><br /> &nbsp;<strong>Social Ties: Spiritual Kinship and the Phenomenon of Trust in the Sociological Studies of Guido Alfani</strong><br /> &nbsp;YurchenkoEkaterina A.YurchenkoEkaterina A.yakorshi@mail.ruSt. Tikhon’s Orthodox University20228400

This article provides an overview of the research on cross kinship carried out under the direction of the historian and sociologist Guido Alfani. The author examines the concept of god-parenthood as a phenomenon of the spiritual-social network that shaped the urban economy in Italy. Despite the fact that the institution of reception has its origins in the pre-Christian period, its baptism seriously altered both spiritual and social relations in historical Europe. One of the consequences of the spread of godparenting has been the expansion of social trust between professional and class groups. Such a spiritual-social institution makes it possible to build a system of trusting relationships that help maintain a stable bond between different social strata, and is essentially a mechanism of social integration conducive to the development of commerce. Guido Alfani looks at different historical periods: the formation of Christianity, the schism of the churches, the Western Church in the Middle Ages, the Reformation, the Council of Trent, the New Age. In each period he describes different types of cross kinship, which depended on various social factors: church reforms, revolutions, and changes in social norms.

This article provides an overview of the research on cross kinship carried out under the direction of the historian and sociologist Guido Alfani. The author examines the concept of god-parenthood as a phenomenon of the spiritual-social network that shaped the urban economy in Italy. Despite the fact that the institution of reception has its origins in the pre-Christian period, its baptism seriously altered both spiritual and social relations in historical Europe. One of the consequences of the spread of godparenting has been the expansion of social trust between professional and class groups. Such a spiritual-social institution makes it possible to build a system of trusting relationships that help maintain a stable bond between different social strata, and is essentially a mechanism of social integration conducive to the development of commerce. Guido Alfani looks at different historical periods: the formation of Christianity, the schism of the churches, the Western Church in the Middle Ages, the Reformation, the Council of Trent, the New Age. In each period he describes different types of cross kinship, which depended on various social factors: church reforms, revolutions, and changes in social norms.

godparenthoodCouncil of Trentsocial connectionsnetwork mechanismsreciprocationthe trustnepotismgodparenthoodCouncil of Trentsocial connectionsnetwork mechanismsreciprocationthe trustnepotismСписок литературыAlfani,&nbsp;G. (2009), Fathers and godfathers: spiritual kinship in early-modern Italy. Routledge.Alfani,&nbsp;G. (2015), &ldquo;The History of families and households&rdquo;, Сomparative european dimensions, 6, in Sovic,&nbsp;S., Thane,&nbsp;P., Viazzo,&nbsp;P. (ed.).Alfani,&nbsp;G. (2004) &ldquo;The spiritual family of priests in northern Italy before and after the Council of Trent: characteristics and transformations of an instrument of social integration&rdquo;, Les Annales de D&eacute;mographie Historique [Annals of Historical Demography], 1 (107), 137-161 (in French).Alfani,&nbsp;G. (2016), &ldquo;The Reformation, the Council of Trent and the Divergence of Spiritual Kinship and Godparenthood across Europe: A Long-run Analysis. The History of Families and Households: Comparative European Dimensions&rdquo;, Central and Eastern Europe, 6, 142&ndash;167.Alfani,&nbsp;G. (2003), &ldquo;E pluribus unum: forms of godparenthood in modern Italy at the turn of the Council of Trent&rdquo;, Quaderni storici [Historical notebooks] 3, 823&ndash;848 (in Ital.).Alfani,&nbsp;G., Gourdon,&nbsp;V. (2021), &ldquo;Entrepreneurs, formalization of social ties, and trustbuilding in Europe (fourteenth to twentieth centuries)&rdquo;, Economic History Review, 65, 1005-1028.Alfani,&nbsp;G. (2006), &ldquo;Sponsorship networks in northern Italy from the 15th to the 17th century: customs, evolution, individual paths&rdquo;, Histoire, &eacute;conomie &amp; soci&eacute;t&eacute; [History, economy &amp; society], Year 2006, 17-44. (in French).Alfani,&nbsp;G. (2005), &ldquo;Marital&rdquo; mobility and &ldquo;spiritual&rdquo; mobility. Territorial integration by affinity and spiritual kinship in the lower Canavese between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries&#39;&rdquo;, Popolazione e storia [Population and history], 2, 33&ndash;46 (in Ital.).Coster,&nbsp;W. (2002), Baptism and Spiritual Kinship in Early Modern England, Ashgate, Aldershot, GB.Granovetter,&nbsp;M.S. (2020), &ldquo;The Strength of Weak Ties&rdquo;, Economic sociology, 4, 31-50 (in Russ.).Haas,&nbsp;L. (1995), &ldquo;Il Mio Buono Compare: Choosing Godparents and the Uses of Baptismal Kinship in Renaissance Florence&rdquo;, Journal of Social History, 29, 341-356.Lynch,&nbsp;J.H. (1998), Christianizing Kinship: Ritual Sponsorship in Anglo-Saxon England, Ithaca, NY.Lynch,&nbsp;J.H. (1986), Godparents and kinship in early medieval Europe, Princeton, NJ.