2408-932XResearch Result. Social Studies and Humanities2408-932X10.18413/2408-932X-2024-10-1-0-33390RESEARCHES<strong>Developmental education in Russian alphabet literature of the 19th century</strong><strong>Developmental education in Russian alphabet literature of the 19th century</strong>ShtetsAlexander A.ShtetsAlexander A.ashtec@mail.ruInstitute of Educational Development202410100

Based on the material of Russian alphabet studies of the 19th century, the article presents the problems of determining, the origins and development of such a relevant phenomenon in Russian education today as developmental education. Based on historical material, an analysis is given of the three main directions of developmental education: free, rational and natural development of the child. The pedagogical principles and methodological findings of public school teachers of the 19th century are shown, which are being rediscovered today in the process of searching for effective humanistic ways of teaching reading and writing.

Based on the material of Russian alphabet studies of the 19th century, the article presents the problems of determining, the origins and development of such a relevant phenomenon in Russian education today as developmental education. Based on historical material, an analysis is given of the three main directions of developmental education: free, rational and natural development of the child. The pedagogical principles and methodological findings of public school teachers of the 19th century are shown, which are being rediscovered today in the process of searching for effective humanistic ways of teaching reading and writing.

domestic alphabet writingdevelopmental trainingliteracy teaching methodsfreerational and natural developmentelementary educationteaching methodsdomestic alphabet writingdevelopmental trainingliteracy teaching methodsfreerational and natural developmentelementary educationteaching methodsСписок литературыDneprov,&nbsp;E.&nbsp;D. (2002), &ldquo;Theory of primary education and educational books by K.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;Ushinsky&rdquo;, Ushinsky, K.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;Russkaya shkola [Ushinsky,&nbsp;K.&nbsp;D. Russian school], Publishing House of the University of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia (in Russ.).Knyazev,&nbsp;E.&nbsp;A. (2023), Istoriya otechestvennogo obrazovaniya i pedagogiki: Uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov &nbsp;[History of Russian education and pedagogy: A textbook for universities], Yurayt, Moscow, Russia (in Russ.).Paulson,&nbsp;I.&nbsp;I. (1887), Metodika gramoty po istoricheskim i teoreticheskim dannym: V&nbsp;2 ch. Ch.&nbsp;1: Istoricheskaya [Literacy methodology based on historical and theoretical data: In 2&nbsp;p. P.&nbsp;1: Historical], Printing house of V.&nbsp;Bezobrazov and co., St.&nbsp;Petersburg, Russia (in Russ.).Paulson,&nbsp;I.&nbsp;I. (1868), Sposob obucheniya gramote po Pervoy uchebnoy knizhke: (obyasnenie dlya prepodavatelya) [Method of teaching literacy using the first textbook: (explanation for the teacher)], Printing house of V.&nbsp;Bezobrazov and co., St.&nbsp;Petersburg, Russia (in Russ.).Startseva,&nbsp;N.&nbsp;M. and Romashina,&nbsp;E.&nbsp;Yu. (2016), &ldquo;&lsquo;The first educational book&rsquo; by I.&nbsp;I.&nbsp;Paulson (1868): visual teaching of Russian literacy&rdquo;, Philology. Theory &amp; Practice, 12&nbsp;(66), P.&nbsp;1, 212-216 (in Russ.).Tolstoy,&nbsp;L.&nbsp;N. (1989), Pedagogicheskie sochineniya [Pedagogical essays], Pedagogika, Moscow, Russia (in Russ.).Tolstoy,&nbsp;L.&nbsp;N. (1872), &ldquo;For the teacher. To the first part&rdquo;, Azbuka grafa L.&nbsp;N.&nbsp;Tolstogo. Kniga 1 [ABC of Count L.&nbsp;N.&nbsp;Tolstoy. Book I], Zamyslovsky&#39;s Printing house, St. Petersburg, Russia (in Russ.).Tulov,&nbsp;M.&nbsp;A. (1875), Rukovodstvo dlya obuchayushchikh chteniyu po Russkomu bukvaryu [A guide for teaching reading using the Russian ABC book], Kievskiy narodny kalendar&#39;, Kiev, Russia (in Russ.).Ushinskiy,&nbsp;K.&nbsp;D. (2002), Russkaya shkola [Russian school], Publishing House of the University of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia (in Russ.).Ushinskiy,&nbsp;K.&nbsp;D. (2015), Russkaya shkola [Russian school], in Platonov,&nbsp;O.&nbsp;A. (ed.), Institut russkoy tsivilizatsii, Moscow, Russia (in Russ.).