2408-932XResearch Result. Social Studies and Humanities2408-932X10.18413/2408-932X-2016-2-4-14-26986RESEARCHESROCK IMAGES OF THE BULL AND THE PREDATOR OF MOUNT KALBAK-TASH: INFORMATION ABOUT THE FLOWAGE OF THE ANCIENT CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF EURASIAROCK IMAGES OF THE BULL AND THE PREDATOR OF MOUNT KALBAK-TASH: INFORMATION ABOUT THE FLOWAGE OF THE ANCIENT CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF EURASIAOkladnikovaElena AlekseevnaOkladnikovaElena Alekseevnaokladnikova-ea@yandex.ruMarsadolovLeonid S.MarsadolovLeonid S.marsadolov@hermitage.ruHerzen Russian State Pedagogical University20162400

The article presents the results of the comparative historical-cultural and semiotic study of the "bridges of contacts" between the ancient civilizations of the Middle East and cultures of the peoples of Southern Siberia, which has changed the face of culture of Ancient Eurasia in the bronze age and subsequent periods (Arzhan and Tagar periods). As evidence of such contacts we consider the following: 1) similarities in iconography and style of the two leading images of rock art of mount Kalbak-Tash (Mountain Altai) – the bull and the predator; 2) paleocalendar and astronomical semantics of these images. These images of rock art are considered as texts proving the existence of such contacts.

The article presents the results of the comparative historical-cultural and semiotic study of the "bridges of contacts" between the ancient civilizations of the Middle East and cultures of the peoples of Southern Siberia, which has changed the face of culture of Ancient Eurasia in the bronze age and subsequent periods (Arzhan and Tagar periods). As evidence of such contacts we consider the following: 1) similarities in iconography and style of the two leading images of rock art of mount Kalbak-Tash (Mountain Altai) – the bull and the predator; 2) paleocalendar and astronomical semantics of these images. These images of rock art are considered as texts proving the existence of such contacts.

petroglyphsbronze ageearly Scythian timethe cultural contactsthe Sayano-AltaiWestern Asiapetroglyphsbronze ageearly Scythian timethe cultural contactsthe Sayano-AltaiWestern AsiaСписок литературыBarkova, L. L. Images of Curled Predators on the Golden Plates from Mayemira (in Russ.). Arkheologicheskiy sbornik (The State Hermitage Museum). Iss. 24. Leningrad: Iskusstvo, 1983. Pp. 20-31.Bogdanov, Е. S. The Image of a Predator in the Plastic Art of the Nomadic Peoples of Central Asia (Scythian-Siberian Artistic Tradition). Novosibirsk: Publishing house of IAE SB RAS, 2006. 240 p. (in Russ.)Vainshtein, S. I. Romance and Tragedy in the Life of Albert N. Lipsky. (in Russ.) The Repressed Ethnographers. Moscow: Nauka, 2003. Pp. 455-492.Vasiliev, S. А. On the Origin of the Plot “The Coiled Predator” in the Scythian Animal Style. Catalogue of Images. St. Petersburg: Publishing house of the St. Petersburg State University, 2000. 80 p. (in Russ.)Vinkler, G. Babylonian Culture in its Relation to the Cultural Development of Mankind. Moscow: Faros, 1913. 170 p. (in Russ.)Grushin S. P. The Culture of the Population of the Early Bronze Forest-Steppe Altai: Thesis of Diss. ... Candidate of Historical Sciences. Barnaul, 2002. 24 p. (in Russ.)Gumilyov, L. N. Rhythms of Eurasia: Epochs and Civilizations. Moscow: AST, 2004. 606 p. (in Russ.)Derevyanko, А. P. Upper Paleolithic in Africa and Eurasia, and the Formation of Anatomically Modern Human. Novosibirsk: Publishing house of IAE SB RAS, 2011. 560 p. (in Russ.)Devlet, М. А. The Most Ancient Anthropomorphic Images of Southern Siberia and Central Asia. (in Russ.) Cave Paintings of Eurasia. Novosibirsk, 1992. Pp. 29-43.Devlet, М. А. Petroglyphs at the Bottom of the Sayan Sea (Aldy-Mozaga Mountain. Moscow: Pamyatniki istoricheskoy mysli, 1998. 287 p. (in Russ.)Devlet, М. А. Sacred Places and Their Symbols. (in Russ.) Cultural Space in Archaeological and Ethnographic Dimension. Tomsk, 2001. Pp. 227-229.Kilunovskaya, М. Е. Kara-Bulun Bulls. (in Russ.) The Ancient Cultures of Central Asia and St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg: Kult-inform-press, 1998. Pp. 159–163.Kosarev, М. F. The Bronze Age in Western Siberia. Moscow: Nauka, 1981. 276 p. (in Russ.)Kosarev, М. F. The Ancient History of Western Siberia: The Man and the Natural Environment. Moscow: Nauka, 1991. 302 p. (in Russ.)Kubarev, V. D. Kalbak Tash II: Monument of Altai Rock Art. (in Russ.) Problems of Archeology, Ethnography, Anthropology in Siberia and Adjacent Territories. Vol. XIII. Part. I. Novosibirsk: Publishing house of IAE SB RAS, 2007. Pp. 282-287.Kubarev, V. D. The Image of the Bull in the Altai Petroglyphs. (in Russ.) Prehistoric Archaeology. Man and the Arts. Novosibirsk, 2002. Pp. 48–53.Kubarev, V. D. Petroglyphs of Kalbak Tash I. (Russian Altai). Novosibirsk: Publishing house of IAE SB RAS, 2011. 444 p. (in Russ.)Kubarev, V. D. and Matochkin, Е. P. Altai Petroglyphs. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1992. 123 p. (in Russ.)Larichev, V. Ye. The Dawn of Astrology: Zodiac of Troglodytes, the Moon, the Sun and the “Wandering Stars”. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1999. 320 p. (in Russ.)Leontiev, N. V. On the Question of Chronology of the Petroglyphs of Minusinsk Depression. (in Russ.) Problems of Studying of Okunev Culture. Iss. I. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1995. Pp. 57-58.Marsadolov, L. S. Archaeological Monuments of the IX-III Centuries BC in the Altai Mountain Areas as a Cultural-Historical Source (Pazyryk Culture Phenomenon): Thesis of Doctor Diss. in Cultural Studies. St. Petersburg, 2000. 56 p. (in Russ.)Marsadolov, L. S. Large Salbyk Mound in Khakassia. Abakan: Khakassia book publishing house, 2010. 128 p. (in Russ.)Marsadolov, L. S. On the Date of Mayemir “Hoard” in the West Altai. (in Russ.) Hoards. Composition, chronology, interpretation. St. Petersburg, 26-29 November, 2002. St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University, 2002. Pp. 217-221.Marsadolov, L. S. “Deer” Stones from the Village of Arghan in Central Asia. (in Russ.) Antiquities of Eurasia from the Early Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Archeology, 2005. Pp. 301–311.Marsadolov, L. S. Paleoastronomy, Metrology and Religious Aspects of Large Burial Mounds and Sanctuaries of Southern Siberia in the 1st millennium BC. (in Russ.) Astroarhaeology as a Scientific Instrument of Knowledge by Protoscience and Astral Priestly Religions of Ancient Cultures of Khakassia. Krasnoyarsk: “Gorod”, 2009. Pp. 59-72.Marsadolov, L. S. Artistic Images and Ideas of the Great Steppe Eurasia Way in IX-VII Centuries BC. (in Russ.) International Conference on Primitive Art. Kemerovo, 3-8 August, 1998. Kemerovo: Kemerovo State University, 1999. Vol. 1. Pp. 152-163.Masson, V. М. The Ancient Civilizations of the East and the Steppe Tribes in the Light of the Data of Archeology (in Russ.) Stratum plus. No. 2. 1999. Pp. 265-285.Matyushchenko, V. I. Western Siberia and the Sayano-Altai Mountains in the Neolithic and Bronze. (in Russ.) The Era of Stone and Paleometal in the Asian Part of the USSR. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1988. Pp. 45-49.Machinsky, D. А. Unique Sacral Center of III-mid-I millennium BC in the Khakass-Minusinsk Basin. (in Russ.) Okunevskiy sbornik. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1997. Pp. 265-287.Merpert, N. Ya. and Munchaev, R. М. Early Agricultural Settlements of Northern Mesopotamia. (in Russ.) Sovetskaya arkheologiya. No. 3. 1971. Pp. 141-169.Molodin, V. I. Baraba in the Bronze Age. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1985. 200 p. (in Russ.)Novgorodov, E. А. World of Petroglyphs in Mongolia. Moscow: Nauka, 1984. 168 p. (in Russ.)Novgorodova, E. А. Central Asia and the Problem of Karasuk. Moscow: Nauka, 1970. 189 p. (in Russ.)Okladnikova, Е. А. Cultural Contacts of Ancient Eurasia: Species and Artefacts (On the Question of paleoglobalization). (in Russ.) Homo Eurasicus in Social Communications Systems. Moscow: Direkt-Media, 2015. Pp. 145-204.Okladnikova, Е. А. An Aspect of Paleo-calendar of Petroglyphs of Kalbak-Tash Mount (Gorny Altai). (in Russ.) Sixth Bersovskie reading. Yekaterinburg: «KVADRAT», 2011. Pp. 171-178.Okladnikova, Е. А. Petroglyphs of Kalbak-Tash Mount (Gorny Altai): The Image of a Fiction Predator. (in Russ.) The Cultures and Peoples of North and Central Asia Within the Context of Interdisciplinary Studies. Iss. 3. Tomsk: Tomsk State University, 2013. Pp. 267–272.Okladnikova, Е. А. Petroglyphs of Kalbak-Tash. (in Russ.) Izvestiya Sibirskogo otdeleniya Akademii nauk SSSR. Series of social sciences. No. 11. Iss. 3. 1981. Pp. 61–64.Okladnikova, Е. А. Lattice figures of Kalbak-Tash Mount (Gorny Altai). (in Russ.) Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia. No. 3 (47). 2011. Pp. 120-127.Okladnikova, Е. А. Sacred Landscape: Theory and Empirical Research. Moscow–Berlin: Direkt-Media, 2014. 230 p. (in Russ.)Okladnikova, Е. А. The Path of Koguldey. Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1990. 189 p. (in Russ.)Pogozheva, А. P., Rykun, М. P., Stepanova, N. F. and Tur, S. S. The Aeneolithic and Bronze Age of the Altai Mountains. Part 1. Barnaul: Azbuka, 2006. 234 p. (in Russ.)Savinov, D. G. About the Style of "Skinny Bulls" in the Okunev Figurative Tradition. (in Russ.) Pictorial Monuments: The Style, the Epoch, the Compositions. St. Petersburg: Eleksis Print, 2004. Pp. 246-254.Savinov, D. G. and Podol’skiy, M. L. Introduction. (in Russ.) Okunevskiy sbornik. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1997. Pp. 5-6.Svyatopolk-Chetvertynsky, I. A. Sumerian-Babylonian Calendar and the Symbolism of Sacrifice (in Russ.) Astronomy of Ancient Societies. Moscow: Nauka, 2002. Pp. 129-134.Sedykh, V.N. On the Monuments of the Art of the Epoch of Early Nomads of the Abakan Steppe (in Russ.) Eurasia Through the Centuries. St. Petersburg: Philological Faculty of St. Petersburg State University, 2001. Pp. 133-136.Sedykh, V. N. and Marsadolov, L. S. On the Possible Prototypes of Tagar Bronze Pommels. (in Russ.) Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy. Iss. 5. Barnaul: Azbuka, 2009. Pp. 101-110.Smirnov, А. М. The Plot of "Shelter for Cattle and Animals" on Eneolithic Steles on the Black Sea: A Variant of Analogies and Interpretation. (in Russ.) Stratum plus. No. 2. 2000. Pp. 571-583.Chernikov, S. S. Riddle of the Golden Mound. "Scythian Art" Where and When Was Born. Moscow: Nauka, 1965. 189 p. (in Russ.)Chlenova, N. L. The Origin and Early History of the Tagar Culture Tribes. Moscow: Nauka, 1967. 300 p. (in Russ.)Schmidt, K. They Built First Temples. The Mysterious Sanctuary of Stone Age Hunters. Archaeological Discoveries in the Göbekli Tepe. St. Petersburg: Aleteiya, 2011. 540 p. (in Russ.)Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C. The Oxus civilization: The Bronze Age of Central Asia. Antiguity. Vol. 68. No. 259. 1994. Рp. 353-354.Okladnikova, E. Paleoglobalization: the symbolism of prosperity and evil in rock art of Ancient Eurasia. (2015) https://www.academia.edu/19871924/Schmidt, K. Göbekli Tepe. The Oldest Temple Builders. Trans. Rüstem Aslan. Istanbul: Archeology and Art Publications, 2007. 320 p. (in Turkish)