The creative personality in the philosophical and literary conceptualization of Apollon Grigoriev
This article attempts to organise the key elements of the philosophical concept of the creative personality, as proposed by the 19^(th)-century literary critic, poet and philosopher A. A. Grigoriev. By analysing Grigoriev's programmatic articles, we can identify the qualities he considers essential to the creative personality. These qualities ensure the primary creative act of truthfully expressing popular ideals. According to Grigoriev, it is fundamental for a creator to be responsive and compassionate, open and truthful, and full of conscious, free creative force. To expound his concept most clearly and concretely, Grigoriev uses the example of artists such as Karamzin, Pushkin and Ostrovsky, who he describes as responsive folk writers nurtured in their native soil. Grigoriev's originality is evident in his decisive rejection of the main literary-critical movements of his time, Slavophilism and Westernism, which he considered to be one-sided (or theoretical). The critic sought the fullness of life and the harmonisation of the inner and outer worlds in the creative personality. Art comes to life when it positively expresses eternal ideals, and for Grigoriev, morality and art are inseparable; he unites ethics and aesthetics. The theme of the creative personality is examined within the context of Grigoriev's other central themes and categories, such as religion and organic criticism. These contextual connections demonstrate the integrity and stylistic coherence of Grigoriev's reflections, and open up new perspectives for researching his philosophy of art, including issues of morality, the conscious and the unconscious.
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