CLASSICAL THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE STUDY OF MARGINALITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF INTERACTION WITH MIGRANTS IN THE URBANIZED ENVIRONMENT
The article describes the features of interaction in the urbanized environment with Others, Strangers, Not-Us (in the sense of a special social type of behavior), which is a consequence of individual migrations. The article considers the theoretical basis for the differences between the categories of «Stranger», «Marginal», «Strangers», and also analyzes the following questions: What is the danger of «Strangers»? How do migrants defend their interests and symbolic territory in conditions of limited resources? What is the result of attempts to "sterilize" public spaces? etc. The study of this issue in sociology was initiated by Georg Simmel, who noted the primacy of money in the determination of public life. Further issues of alienation became the object of study of the Chicago school of sociology. Robert Park noted a special role of migration in the formation of modern societies and the creation of a special social type – a marginal person (a classic example – a man of mixed blood, since racial relations were mainly studied at that time). Alfred Schutz studied the social type of «Stranger» from a phenomenological point of view. During the peak of mass individual migration, Zygmund Bauman writes no more about the stranger, as a separate individual, but about strangers, thereby demonstrating alarmist sentiments. The author also discusses the concept of Lyn Lofland, describing the visual perception of public spaces and the categorization of strangers into “acquaintances" and "real ones", which leads to the desire of the dominant group to "sterilize" public space. The phenomenon of «sterilization» of public spaces was examined through attempts to ban the performance of lezginka in public places and wearing hijabs in educational institutions in Russia (through media coverage of situations of interaction with «strangers» or characterized as «situations of social exclusion»).
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